High temperature oxidation of Ti−48%Al−2%W intermetallics

Powder metallurgically produced Ti-48% Al-2%W alloys were oxidized between 800 and 1050°C in air. The W-addition was quite effective in providing isothermal and cyclic oxidation resistance. The alloys oxidized parabolically up to 1050°C during isothermal oxidation, with small weight gains. The scales were adherent up to 900°C during cyclic oxidation. Oxide scales consisted primarily of an outer TiO₂ layer, an intermediate Al₂O₃ layer, and an inner (TiO₂+Al₂O₃) mixed layer. Tungsten was present below the intermediate Al₂O₃ layer. and also at the scale-matrix interface as W-enriched compounds. Below the oxide scale, a Ti₃Al zone containing some W and O existed.     

A scanning tunneling microscopy tip with a stable atomic structure

A single stable adatom on a {110}-type plane of a tungsten tip is created via field-evaporation in a field-ion microscope (FIM) operating at room temperature. This single adatom has sufficient surface mobility at room temperature and migrates, in one-dimension, along a <111>-type direction toward an edge of a {110}-type plane, due to the existence of an electric field gradient. The plane edge has a higher local electric field than its center, since it has a higher local geometric curvature. This result implies that the stable position of a single adatom during a scan of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip on a surface is at the edge and not at the center of a {110}-type plane at room temperature. Therefore, the electron wave function of a tip is not symmetric and this fact should be taken into account in a careful analysis of STM images. Also a tip with a dislocation emerging at a {110}-type plane is suggested as an improved STM tip configuration, as the step at the surface, created by the intersection of the dislocation with it, is a perpetual source of single adatoms.     

活性化TIG焊熔深增加机理的研究

以不锈钢0Crl8Ni9为实验对象，涂敷含有Bi的SiO2和TiO2活性剂，通过1mm厚高熔点薄钨板挡住熔池流动的方法进行焊接实验．对钨板两侧Bi颗粒的分布进行了测试，分析涂敷SiO2和TiO2后熔池流动方向的变化，同时采集了电弧电压．结果表明：活性剂SiO2和TiO2改变了熔池的流动方向；SiO2使电压提高约4．2V，而TiO2对电弧电压没有影响；活性剂并未使电弧整体发生收缩，而使电弧整体发生了膨胀；SiO2使等离子体发生了收缩；电弧等离子体收缩和电弧导电通道变长是SiO2活性剂提高电弧电压的主要原因．分析认为，SiO2增加熔深是等离子体收缩、阳极斑点收缩和表面张力温度梯度由负变正共同作用的结果；TiO2增加熔深只是表面张力温度梯度由负变正的作用．     

车用液力减速技术的应用与发展趋势分析

简要介绍了车用液力减速技术的发展和应用范围,重点叙述了减速装置的工作原理、结构特点、国内外应用情况并对其发展前景和方向作了分析预测.     

镍基单晶合金枝晶典型区域相成分最优化测算法

建立了用于测算镍基单晶高温合金枝晶典型区域相成分的最优化数学模型.根据电子探针对枝晶典型区域成分的测定结果,运用BFGS拟Newton法及CONSTR约束优化算法,可以计算枝晶各典型区域中γ和γ＇相成分.以镍基单晶合金CMSX-2和CMSX-4为对象,对优化测算结果进行了分析,证实了该方法的可行性.     

电磁铸造大板坯凝固过程中热裂纹萌生机理分析

依据电磁铸造（ＥＭＣ）大板坯凝固进程的数值模拟结果，建立了预测热裂纹萌生部位及应力的解析表达式对板坯产生的裂纹及其材质的组织结构的评价表明：热裂纹的萌生与材料的力学性能及组织结构没有必然联系；控制凝固过程中板坯表面温度是减少热裂纹萌生的有效方法。所得结果与裂纹实际情况吻合。     

CYCLIC DEFORMATION OF FACE CENTERED CUBIC CRYSTALS AND ITS DISLOCATION INTERACTION MODEL——Ⅱ.DISLOCATION INTERACTION MODEL OF CYCLIC DEFORMATION

A dislocation interaction model has been proposed for cyclic deformation of fcc crystals.Ac-cording to this model,cyclic stress-strain responses and saturation dislocation structures of acrystal are associated with the modes and intensities of dislocation interactions between slipsystems active in the crystal; and,hence,may be predicted by the location of its tensile axis inthe crystallographic triangle.This model has successfully explained the different behaviours ofdouble-slip crystals and multi-slip behaviours of some crystals with orientations usually con-sidered as single-slip ones.     

反射衰减诊断激光光束的应用分析

介绍了普通光学元件反射诊断激光光束的应用,提出了利用平面平晶的平面反射进行光能衰减,详细论述了采用该方法进行光能衰减的可行性,分析了平面平晶反射衰减中反射光S偏振态和P偏振态能量的差异,对激光束诊断的影响和解决方法,结合半导体绿激光器的光束诊断进行了应用分析。实验证明,该方法结构简单、调整方便、误差小,利用普通平面平晶反射衰减即可满足激光强度的匹配要求,实现了待测激光束无失真取样,达到很好的测试效果。     

TiNi合金约束相变行为研究

研究了预变形TiNi合金应变约束态下的相变行为结果表明：7％应变TiNi合金变形后第1次应变约束相变产生的恢复应力最大，逆相变开始温度．As′最高随着约束相变循环次数的增加，合金中引入大量塑性变形，降低了TiNi合金的恢复应变，进而造成TiNi合金约束相变恢复应力最大值逐渐降低，但约束逆相变开始温度．As′从第2次相变循环开始，几乎恢复到合金变形前的原始值，且不随相变循环次数增加而改变。     

10CrMo910钢焊接工艺探讨

通过对大庆２００ＭＷ机组主蒸管道１０ＣｒＭｏ９１０钢的焊接性能分析,提出了一整套行之有效的焊接工艺,并在施工现场检修焊接中进行了实践,为焊接同类钢材提供了可借鉴的经验和工艺参数。